Wheat Mutants - Rht Mutants
Mutant Overview
The Rht (Reduced height) genes encode DELLA proteins, which act as central growth repressors in plants. Functioning as "molecular brakes", DELLAs restrain stem elongation and other growth processes. For normal growth to proceed, the hormone Gibberellin (GA) triggers the degradation of DELLA proteins, thereby releasing the growth brake.
Agriculturally used Rht mutants produce DELLA proteins resistant to GA-mediated degradation. As a result, the growth-repressing signal remains constitutively active, leading to the dwarf phenotype characteristic of modern wheat. These shorter, sturdier plants exhibit enhanced lodging resistance and allocate more energy to grain production, significantly improving yield.
The Rht mutant collection includes four categories: homozygous single mutants, homozygous double mutants, heterozygous triple mutants, and transgenic materials (overexpression lines and near-isogenic lines), providing comprehensive resources for functional genomics research.
Homozygous Single, Homozygous Double & Heterozygous Triple Mutants
Mutant lines including homozygous single mutants (4A/4B/4D genomes), homozygous double mutants (two genomes) and heterozygous triple mutants (4A/4B/4D genomes):
Homozygous Single Mutants
| Genotype | Line ID | Base Mutation | Amino Acid Mutation | Seed Quantity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4a | a-1 | Deletion of ACTT in sgRNA3 | Premature termination (191 amino acids truncated) | 3000 |
| a-2 | Mutation in sgRNA4 | Non-frameshift mutation | 1000 | |
| a-3 | 36-bp deletion in sgRNA1 | Frameshift mutation | 1000 | |
| 4b | b-1 | 35-bp deletion in sgRNA1 | Frameshift mutation (amino acid changes starting from residue 268) | 2000 |
| b-2 | Single T insertion in sgRNA4 | Frameshift mutation (amino acid changes starting from residue 336) | 2000 | |
| b-3 | Single A insertion in sgRNA3 | Premature termination (348 amino acids truncated) | 2000 | |
| b-4 | 36-bp deletion in sgRNA3 | Non-frameshift mutation (13 amino acids deleted) | 2000 | |
| 4d | d-1 | 39-bp deletion in sgRNA1 | Non-frameshift mutation (13 amino acids deleted) | 1000 |
Homozygous Double Mutants & Heterozygous Triple Mutants
| Mutant Type | Genotype | Line ID | Base Mutation | Amino Acid Mutation | T3 Seed Quantity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Homozygous Double Mutant | 4a/4b | ab-1 | 4A: 4-bp deletion in sgRNA3; 4B: 36-bp deletion in sgRNA3 | 4A: Premature termination (191 aa truncated); 4B: Non-frameshift mutation (12 aa deleted) | 1000 |
| ab-2 | 4A: 4-bp deletion in sgRNA3; 4B: Single T insertion in sgRNA4 | 4A: Premature termination (191 aa truncated); 4B: Frameshift mutation (aa changes from residue 336) | 50 | ||
| 4b/4d (Heterozygous) | bd-1 | 4B: 35-bp deletion in sgRNA1; 4D: 39-bp deletion in sgRNA1 | 4B: Frameshift mutation (aa changes from residue 268); 4D: Non-frameshift mutation (13 aa deleted) | 100 | |
| 4a/4d | ad-1 | 4A: 4-bp deletion in sgRNA3; 4D: 9-bp deletion in sgRNA1 | 4A: Premature termination (191 aa truncated); 4D: Non-frameshift mutation (3 aa deleted) | 1000 | |
| Heterozygous Triple Mutant | 4a/4b/4d | abd-1 | 4A: ACTT deletion in sgRNA3; 4B: 36-bp deletion in sgRNA3; 4D: 9-bp deletion in sgRNA1 | 4A: Premature termination (191 aa truncated); 4B: Non-frameshift mutation (13 aa deleted); 4D: Non-frameshift mutation (3 aa deleted) | 50 |
| abd-2 | 4A: ACTT deletion in sgRNA3; 4B: 35-bp deletion in sgRNA1; 4D: 9-bp deletion in sgRNA1 | 4A: Premature termination (191 aa truncated); 4B: Frameshift mutation (aa changes from residue 268); 4D: Non-frameshift mutation (3 aa deleted) | 50 |
Phenotype comparison of Rht single mutants (a-1, a-2, b-1, b-2, b-3, d-1), double mutants (ab-1, ad-1) vs. Wild Type (Fielder).
Transgenic Materials
Overexpression Lines (Fielder Background)
| Transgenic Type | Seed ID | Description | T4 Seed Quantity |
|---|---|---|---|
| Empty Vector Control | BG3-R1-1 | Empty vector transformed into Fielder | 5000 |
| Rht-D1b (Truncated CDS + GFP) | B6-1-1 | Truncated CDS of Rht-D1b mutation site + GFP tag (Fielder background) | 3000 |
| B6-2-1 | Truncated CDS of Rht-D1b mutation site + GFP tag (Fielder background) | 3000 | |
| B6-2-2 | Truncated CDS of Rht-D1b mutation site + GFP tag (Fielder background) | 3000 | |
| B6-3 | Truncated CDS of Rht-D1b mutation site + GFP tag (Fielder background) | 3000 | |
| Rht-D1b (Full-length CDS + GFP) | B7-1 | Full-length CDS of Rht-D1b + GFP tag (Fielder background) | 3000 |
| B7-6 | Full-length CDS of Rht-D1b + GFP tag (Fielder background) | 3000 | |
| B7-7 | Full-length CDS of Rht-D1b + GFP tag (Fielder background) | 3000 | |
| B7-10 | Full-length CDS of Rht-D1b + GFP tag (Fielder background) | 3000 | |
| B7-12 | Full-length CDS of Rht-D1b + GFP tag (Fielder background) | 3000 | |
| B7-13 | Full-length CDS of Rht-D1b + GFP tag (Fielder background) | 3000 | |
| Rht-B1b (Full-length CDS + GFP) | B8-2-2 | Full-length CDS of Rht-B1b + GFP tag (Fielder background) | 3000 |
| B8-3 | Full-length CDS of Rht-B1b + GFP tag (Fielder background) | 3000 | |
| B8-3-2 | Full-length CDS of Rht-B1b + GFP tag (Fielder background) | 3000 | |
| B8-5 | Full-length CDS of Rht-B1b + GFP tag (Fielder background) | 3000 | |
| B8-6 | Full-length CDS of Rht-B1b + GFP tag (Fielder background) | 3000 | |
| Rht-B1b (Truncated CDS + GFP) | B9-2 | Truncated CDS of Rht-B1b mutation site + GFP tag (Fielder background) | 3000 |
| B9-3-2 | Truncated CDS of Rht-B1b mutation site + GFP tag (Fielder background) | 3000 | |
| B9-5 | Truncated CDS of Rht-B1b mutation site + GFP tag (Fielder background) | 3000 | |
| B9-6 | Truncated CDS of Rht-B1b mutation site + GFP tag (Fielder background) | 3000 |
Rht overexpression lines (BG3-R1-1；B6、B7、B8、B9 series); Scale bar = 10 cm
Near-Isogenic Lines (NILs)
| Transgenic Type | Seed ID | T4 Seed Quantity |
|---|---|---|
| Near-Isogenic Line | PARAGON | 3000 |
| P-Rht-B1 | 3000 | |
| P-Rht-D1 | 3000 | |
| P-RhtB1+D1 | 5000 |
Phenotype of Rht near-isogenic lines ; Scale bar = 10 cm.